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Any types of biodegradable wastes- |
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1. Crop residues |
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2. Weed biomass |
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3. Vegetable waste |
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4. Leaf litter |
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5. Hotel refuse |
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6. Waste from agro-industries |
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7. Biodegradable portion of urban
and rural wastes. |
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Methods of preparation |
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01. |
The vermicompost can be prepared in
concrete tank. The size of the tank
should be 10 ft. length or more
depending upon the availability of
land and raw materials, breadth 3-
5ft and height 3 ft. Suitable
plastic tube / basin structure may
also be needed. The floor of the
tank should be connected with stones
and pieces of bricks. |
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02. |
The available bio-wastes are to be
collected and are to be heaped under
sun about 7-10 days and be chopped
if necessary. |
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03. |
Sprinkling of cow dung slurry to the
heap may be done. |
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04. |
A thin layer of half decomposed cow
dung (1-2 inches) is to be placed at
the bottom. |
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05. |
Place the chopped weed biomass and
partially decomposed cow dung layer
wise. (10-20 cm) in the tank / pot
up to the depth of 2 ½ ft. The bio
waste and cow dung ratio should be
60: 40 on dry wt. Basis. |
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06. |
Release about 2-3 kg earthworms per
ton of biomass or 100 nos.
earthworms per one sq. ft. area.
Efficient species:
Eisenia foetida
Amyanthes diffrigens
Eudrillus engineac |
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07. |
Place wire net / bamboo net over the
tank to protect earthworm from
birds. |
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08. |
Sprinkling of water should be done
to maintain 70-80 % moisture
content. |
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09. |
Provision of a shed over the compost
is essential to prevent entry of
rainwater and direct sunshine. |
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10. |
Sprinkling of water should be
stopped when 90 % bio-wastes are
decomposed. Maturity could be judged
visually by observing the formation
of granular structure of the compost
at the surface of the tank. |
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11. |
Harvest the vermicompost by
scrapping layer wise from the top of
the tank and heap under shed. This
will help in separation of
earthworms from the compost. Sieving
may also be done to separate the
earthworms and cocoons. |
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Vermi wash- a plant growth regulator
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Vermi wash is a liquid plant growth
regulator, which contains high
amount of enzymes, vitamins and
hormones like auxins, gibberellins
etc along with macro and
micronutrients used as foliar spray. |
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Methods of preparation |
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01. |
Take one big bucket and one mug. |
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02. |
Set up one stop cork on the lower
most part of the bucket. |
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03. |
Put a layer of broken bricks, pieces
of stones having thickness of 10-15
cm in the bucket. |
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04. |
Over this layer put another layer of
sand having thickness of 10-15 cm. |
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05. |
Then put a layer of partially
decomposed cow dung having 30-45 cm
thickness over it. |
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06. |
Then put another layer of soil
having 2-3 thicknesses. |
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07. |
Now open the stopcock of the bucket
and when the materials taken in the
bucket. |
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08. |
Then put 100-200 nos. of earthworms
in the bucket. |
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09. |
After that, a layer of paddy straw
having 6 cm thickness is given. |
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10. |
Now open the stopcock of the bucket
and spray water regularly for a
period of 7-8 days. |
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11. |
After 10 days the liquid vermin wash
will be produced in the bucket. |
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12. |
Hang one pot with a bottom hole over
the bucket in such a way so that
water falls drop by drop. |
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13. |
Every day 4-5 liters of water is to
be poured in the hanging pot. |
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14. |
Keep another pot under stop cork to
collect the vermin wash. Every day
3-4 liters vermin wash can be
collected. |
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How To Apply Vermi Wash |
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1. |
Mix 1 liters of vermin wash with
7-10 litres of water and spray the
solution in the leaf (upper and
lower side) in the evening at the
growing the crop. |
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2. |
Mix 1 liter of vermin wash with 1
liter of cow urine and then add 10
liters of water to the vermin urine
solution and mixed thoroughly and
keep it over night before spraying
50-60 liter of such solution and to
be sprayed in one bigha of land to
control various crop diseases. |
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Bio-fertilizers and their
utilization
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Bio fertilizers are microbial
inoculants consisting of living
cells of micro-organism like
bacteria, algae and fungi alone or
combination which may help in
increasing crop productivity by way
of helping in the biological
nitrogen fixation, solubilization of
insoluble phosphorus fertilizer
materials, stimulating growth or in
decomposition of plant residues.
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Advantages of using Bio-fertilizer |
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• Can replace 20 to 50 % of chemical
fertilizer ‘N’ and 15 – 25 % of
phosphatic fertilizers. |
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• Bio-fertilizers being cheap,
provide highly cost effective
supplement of chemical fertilizers. |
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• Increase farm productivity,
generally 10-40 % in grain yield and
15 – 30 % in vegetable growth. |
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• Activates soil biologically
thereby increasing natural fertility
of soil, which causes sustainable
agriculture. |
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• Help in stimulating plant growth
in general and roots in particular
as they serve various growth
promoting
hormones like auxin, gibberellins etc and vitamins. They help in better
nutrient uptake and increase
tolerance
towards drought and moisture stress. |
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• Secrete some fungi static and
antibiotic like substances, which
reduce the incidence of various soil
borne
diseases. It has got antagonistic behaviour against pathogens. |
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• They help to proliferate and
survival of other beneficial
microorganisms in soil. |
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• Help in decomposing plant residues
in soil, thereby improving C/N
ratio, improving soil texture and
structure.
Also help in increasing water-holding capacity. |
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• In composting processes improve
the quality and nutrient value of
the compost. |
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• Being environment friendly and
cost effective do not cause any
harmful effect on soil and
environment. On the contrary they
help in degradation of other harmful
chemicals such as weedicides and
pesticides. Thereby they help in
increasing the biodegradation
capacity of the soil. |
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Types of Bio-fertilizers |
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For Nitrogen |
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a) |
Rhizobium bio-fertilizer to be used
only in legume crops. Rhizobium in
different for different legume
crops. |
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b) |
Azatobacter / Azospirillum
bio-fertilizer for all non-legume
crops. |
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Azotobactum is for upland crop and
Azospirillum is for low land crop. |
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For Phosphorus |
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Phosphatika for all the crops and to
be used along with Rhizobium /
Azotobacter a Azospirillum bio-
fertilizer. |
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Method of application |
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There are three methods of
application |
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1. |
As seed treatment for direct seeded
crop. |
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2. |
As seedling root dip Treatment for
transplanted crops. |
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3. |
As soil treatment for potato,
sugarcane crop where seed treatment
and seedling. |
