|
i) |
The initial investment needed for Goat
farming is low. |
| |
|
|
ii) |
Due to small body size and docile nature,
housing requirements and manage mental
problems with goats are less. |
| |
|
|
iii) |
Goats are friendly animals and enjoy being
with the people. |
| |
|
|
iv) |
Goats are prolific breeders and achieve
sexual maturity at the age of 10-12 months
gestation period in goats is short and at
the age of 16-17 months it starts giving
milk. Twinning is very common and triplets
and quadruplets are rare. |
| |
|
|
v)
|
In drought prone areas risk of goat farming
is very much less as compared to other
livestock species. |
| |
|
|
vi) |
Unlike large animals in commercial farm
conditions both male and female goats have
equal value. |
| |
|
|
vii) |
Goats are ideal for mixed species grazing.
The animal can thrive well on wide variety
of thorny bushes, weeds, crop residues,
agricultural by-products unsuitable for
human consumption. |
| |
|
|
viii) |
Under proper management, goats can improve
and maintain grazing land and reduce bush
encroachment (biological control) without
causing harm to the environment. |
| |
|
|
ix) |
No religious taboo against goat slaughter
and meat consumption prevalent in the
country. |
| |
|
|
x) |
Slaughter and dressing operation and meat
disposal can be carried without much
environmental problems. |
| |
|
|
xi) |
The goat meat is more lean (low cholesterol)
and relatively good for people who prefer
low energy diet especially in summer and
sometimes goat meat (chevon) is preferred
over mutton because of its "chewability" |
| |
|
|
xii)
|
Goat milk is easy to digest than cow milk
because of small fat globules and is
naturally homogenized. Goat milk is said to
play a role in improving appetite and
digestive efficiency. Goat milk is non
allergic as compared to cow milk
and it has anti-fungal and anti bacterial
properties and can be used for treating
urogenital diseases of fungal origin. |
| |
|
|
xiii)
|
Goats are 2.5 times more economical than
sheep on free range grazing under semi arid
conditions. |
| |
|
|
xiv) |
Goat creates employment to the rural
poor besides effectively utilizing unpaid
family labor. There is ample scope for
establishing cottage industries based on
goat meat and milk products and value
addition to skin and fiber. |
| |
|
|
xv)
|
Goat is termed as walking refrigerator for
the storage of milk and can be milked number
of times in a day. |
| |
|
2
|
Scope
for goat rearing and its national
importance.
|
|
2.1 |
The country has 115.278 million goat as per
1992 livestock census has increased to 120.8
million in 1997 and ranks first in the
world. The state wise goat population is
given in Annexure-I. Goat meat production
stands at the level of 0.47 million tones.
The slaughter rate of goat is at the level
of 39.7 % as compared to 31.8% for sheep and
11% for buffaloes respectively. Goat also
produce 2.55 million tones of milk and
0.1288 million tones of skin as per F.A.O.
189 records 2002 report (Annexure-II). The
trend in consumption of mutton and goat meat
shows increase from 467000MT in 1981 to
696000 MT in 2002 indicating annual compound
growth rate of 1.28 % during 92-02.Sheep
and goat meat production has reached
700400MT during 2002in India. Ovine meat
export has touched 29670 thousand $ during
2000 which was then reduced to 5635thousand
$ during 2001. |
| |
|
|
2.2
|
Goat make a valuable contribution to the
livelihood of economically weaker sections
of the society. Amongst the livestock
owners goat rears are the poorest of the
lot. |
| |
|
|
2.3 |
Realizing the importance of goat in the
agrarian economy of the country, various
developmental activities have been taken up
by Govt. of India. The Central Government
had established Central Institute for
Research on Goats at Makhdoom, Farah,
Mathura District, UttarPradesh. During
VIII Plan Period Seven Intensive goat
breeding farms were proposed with the
objectives: |
| |
i) |
To produce 1000 stud bucks per year for the
distribution among goat rearers. |
| |
|
|
| |
ii) |
To improve yield of milk and chevon through
selective breeding of regular breeds like
Jamnapari, Beetal, Barbari, Jakhrana,
Jhalawadi. |
| |
|
|
| |
iii) |
Cross breeding of non Pashmina goats with
Angora goats to produce Mohair in Jammu and
Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. |
| |
|
|
| |
iv) |
To conserve germ plasma of regular breeds
like Jamnapari, Beetal, Barbari, Black
Bengal, Malbari, Sirohi etc. |
| |
|
|
3
|
Financial assistance available from
banks/NABARD for Goat rearing.
|
|
3.1 |
NABARD is an apex institution for all
matters relating to policy, planning and
operation in the field of agricultural
credit. It serves as refinancing agency for
the institutions providing investment and
production credit for
agriculture and rural development. It
promotes development through a well
organized Technical Services Department at
the head office and Technical Cells at each
of the Regional Offices. |
| |
|
|
3.2 |
Loan from banks with refinance
facility from NABARD is available for
starting Goat farming. For obtaining bank
loan, the farmers should apply to the
nearest branch of a Commercial or
Co-operative or Regional Rural Bank in their
area in the prescribed application form
which is available in the branches of
financing bank. The Technical Officer
attached to or the Manager of the bank can
also help/give guidance to the farmers in
preparing the project report to obtain bank
loan. |
| |
|
|
3.3 |
For goat rearing schemes with very large
outlays, detailed reports will have to be
prepared. The items of finance would include
costs of assets like Development of land,
construction of goats sheds, purchase of
goat caring equipments, purchase of breeding
stock, rearing cost of animals till
it generates income etc. The cost of land is
not considered for loan. However, if land is
purchased for setting up a goat farm its
cost can be treated as party's margin as per
the norms. |
| |
|
4
|
Scheme formulation
|
|
4.1 |
A scheme can be prepared by a beneficiary
after consulting local technical persons of
State animal husbandry department,
Commercial farmers etc. If possible the
beneficiaries should also visit progressive
goat rearers and
government/ military/ agricultural
university farms in the vicinity and discuss
the profitability of goat rearing. A good
practical training and experience in goat
rearing will be highly desirable. Nearness
of the Goat farm to a veterinary aid centre
and breeding centre should be ensured. |
| |
|
|
4.2 |
The scheme should include information about
land, livestock markets, availability
of water, feed, fodders,
veterinary aid, breeding facilities,
marketing aspects, training facilities,
experience of the farmer and the type of
assistance available from State Government. |
| |
|
|
4.3 |
The scheme should also include information
on number and types of animals to be
purchased, their breeds, production
performance, cost and other relevant input
and output costs with their description.
Based on this, the total cost of the
project, margin money to be provided by the
beneficiary, requirement of the bank loan,
estimated annual expenditure, income, profit
and loss statement, repayment period etc,
can be worked out and included in the
scheme. |
| |
|
5
|
Requirements of a Good Project
|
| |
A format developed for formulation of Goat
rearing schemes is appended as Annexure-III.
The scheme so formulated should be submitted
to the nearest branch of bank. The bank's
officers can assist in preparation of the
scheme or filling in the prescribed
application form. The bank will then examine
the scheme for its technical feasibility and
economic viability. |
| |
|
A)
|
Technical Feasibility - This would briefly
include
|
| |
|
| |
i) |
Nearness of the selected area to veterinary
dispensary, goat breeding centre,
marketing outlets for fattened kids/meat and
the financing bank's branch. |
| |
|
|
| |
ii)
|
Availability of good quality animals in
nearby livestock markets. The distribution
of goat breeds in India are given in
Annexure-IV and Production parameters of
breeds are given in Annexure V and VI. |
| |
|
|
| |
iii) |
Availability of training facilities. |
| |
|
|
| |
iv) |
Availability of good grazing ground/lands. |
| |
|
|
| |
v) |
Availability of Green/dry fodder,
concentrate feed, medicines etc. |
| |
|
|
| |
vi)
|
Availability of veterinary aid/breeding
centers and marketing facilities near the
same area. |
| |
|
|
B)
|
|
Economic Viability - This would briefly
include :
|
| |
i)
|
Unit cost of animals. |
| |
|
|
| |
ii)
|
Input cost for feeds and fodders, veterinary
aid, insurance charges, etc. |
| |
|
|
| |
iii) |
Output costs i.e. sale price of live
animals, manure/penning charges, etc. |
| |
|
|
| |
iv) |
The average unit cost (indicative only) of
goat rearing units is assumed for
calculating project cost. |
| |
|
|
| |
v) |
Income-expenditure statement and annual
gross surplus. |
| |
|
|
| |
vi) |
Cash flow analysis. |
| |
|
|
| |
vii) |
Repayment schedule (i.e. repayment of
principal loan amount and interest). |
| |
|
|
| |
|
Other documents such as loan application
forms, security aspects, margin money
requirements etc. are also examined. A field
visit to the scheme area is undertaken for
conducting a techno-economic feasibility
study for appraisal of the same. The model
economics of goat rearing unit of 50+2 under
semi intensive system is given in Annexure
VII a to VII f. |
| |
|
|
6
|
|
Sanction of Bank Loan and its Disbursement
|
| |
|
After ensuring technical feasibility and
financial viability, the scheme is
sanctioned by the Bank. The loan is
disbursed in stages against creation of
specific assets, purchase of equipments and
animals. The end use of the loan is verified
and constant follow-up is done by the bank. |
| |
|
|
7
|
|
Lending Terms - General
|
|
7.1 |
|
Unit cost: Each Regional Office of
NABARD has constituted a State Level
Unit Cost Committee under the chairmanship
of RO-in-charge and with the members from
developmental agencies, commercial banks and
co-operative banks to review the unit cost
of various investments once in six months.
The same is circulated among the banks for
their guidance. |
| |
|
|
|
7.2 |
|
Margin Money: NABARD has
defined farmers into three different
categories and where subsidy is not
available the minimum down payment as shown
below is collected from the beneficiaries. |
| |
|
|
|
a) |
|
Small farmer
05% |
|
b) |
|
Medium farmers 10% |
|
c) |
|
Large farmers
15% |
| |
|
|
|
7.3 |
|
Interest Rate for ultimate borrowers :
Banks are free to decide the rate of
interest within the overall RBI
guidelines. However, for working out the
financing viability and bank ability of the
model project we have assumed the rate of
interest as 12% p.a. |
| |
|
|
|
7.4 |
|
Security: Security will be as per
NABARD/RBI guidelines issued from time
to time. |
| |
|
|
|
7.5 |
|
Repayment Period of Loan: Repayment
period depends upon the gross surplus in the
scheme. The loans will be repaid in suitable
half yearly/annual installments usually
within a period of about 5-6 years with a
grace period of one year. |
| |
|
|
|
7.6 |
|
Insurance: The animals may be insured
annually or on long term master policy,
where ever it is applicable. The present
rate of insurance premium for non IRDP
schemes is 4% per annum. |
| |
|
|
|
8 |
|
Package of Common Management Practices
Recommended for Goat rearing Modern and
well established scientific principles,
practices and skills should be used to
obtain maximum economic benefits from
goat rearing. Some of the recommended
practices are given here under : |
| |
|
|
I.
|
|
Goats Housing management:
|
|
1)
|
|
Construct shed on dry and properly raised
ground. |
| |
|
|
|
2)
|
|
Avoid water-logging, marshy areas. |
| |
|
|
|
3)
|
|
In low lying and heavy rainfall areas the
floors should be preferably elevated. |
| |
|
|
|
4) |
|
In temperate Himalayan region the floor may
be made of wood. |
| |
|
|
|
5) |
|
The shed should be 10 ft. high and should
have good ventilation. |
| |
|
|
|
6) |
|
Bucks should be housed in individual pens. |
| |
|
|
|
7) |
|
Does can be housed in groups up to 60 per
pen. |
| |
|
|
|
8) |
|
Provide proper shade and cool drinking water
in summer. |
| |
|
|
|
9) |
|
Dispose of dung and urine properly. |
| |
|
|
|
10) |
|
Give adequate space for the animals. The
housing space required for |
| |
|
|
|
11) |
|
goats of various age groups is given in
Annexure VIII. |
| |
|
|
|
12) |
|
Avoid over stocking or crowding. |
| |
|
|
II.
|
|
Selection
of Goat breeding stock and it's management:
|
|
1.
|
|
Immediately after release of the loan
purchase the stock from a reliable breeders
or from nearest livestock market. |
| |
|
|
|
2. |
|
Animals in good health and having good
physical features must be purchased in
consultation with Veterinarian/ Bank's
technical officer. |
| |
|
|
|
3. |
|
Purchase animals which are ready to breed
and in prime stage of production. |
| |
|
|
|
4. |
|
Identify the newly purchased animals by
suitable identification mark. |
| |
|
|
|
5. |
|
Vaccinate the newly purchased animals
against the diseases. |
| |
|
|
|
6.
|
|
Keep the newly purchased animals under
observation for about 15 days and then mix
with the general flock. |
| |
|
|
|
7. |
|
Unproductive animals should be culled
promptly and should be replaced by the newly
purchased animals or farm born one. |
| |
|
|
|
8. |
|
Animals are to be bred at the interval of
8-9 months for maximum productivity. |
| |
|
|
|
9. |
|
Cull the old animals at the age of 6 years
and above. |
| |
|
|
|
10. |
|
Avoid the kidding during peak periods of
summer and winter. |
| |
|
|
III.
|
|
Goat
Feeding management:
|
|
1.
|
|
Ensure Bushes/shrubs for browsing of
animals. |
| |
|
|
|
2. |
|
As an alternative to above, supply of
cultivated fodder from own farm or from
surrounding farms may be ensured. |
| |
|
|
|
3. |
|
Offer roughages adlib. |
| |
|
|
|
4. |
|
As a thumb rule 2/3rds of the energy
requirements should be met through
roughages. Half of the roughages should be
leguminous green fodders and rest half
should be grasses/tender tree leaves. |
| |
|
|
|
5. |
|
In the absence of good quality green
fodders, concentrates must be
considered to replace them. |
| |
|
|
|
6. |
|
Kids should be fed colostrums up to 5 days
of age. Later on they can be put on Kid
starter rations. |
| |
|
|
|
7.
|
|
Green leguminous fodders should be offered
adlib. to kids from 15 days onwards. |
| |
|
|
|
8. |
|
Provide salt and water to kids at all times. |
| |
|
|
|
9. |
|
Additional concentrates should be given to
bucks and does during breeding season. |
| |
|
|
|
10. |
|
Care should be taken to meet the nutrient
requirements as recommended. |
| |
|
|
| |
|
(Annexure-IX) |
| |
|
|
IV.
|
|
Protection Goats against diseases:
|
|
1. |
|
Be on the alert for signs of illness such as
reduced feed intake, fever, abnormal
discharge or unusual behavior. |
| |
|
|
|
2. |
|
Consult the nearest veterinary aid centre
for help if illness is suspected. |
| |
|
|
|
3. |
|
Protect the animals against common diseases. |
| |
|
|
|
4. |
|
In case of outbreak of contagious diseases,
immediately segregate the sick animals from
healthy one and take necessary disease
control measures. |
| |
|
|
|
5. |
|
Deworm the animals regularly. |
| |
|
|
|
6. |
|
Examine the faces of adult animals to detect
eggs of internal parasites and treat the
animals with suitable drugs. |
| |
|
|
|
7. |
|
Provide clean and uncontaminated feed and
water for minimizing the health disorders. |
| |
|
|
|
8.
|
|
Strictly follow the recommended vaccine
schedule as given in Vaccination Program
Section. |
| |
|
|
V.
|
|
Goat Breeding Care:
|
|
1.
|
|
It should be planned to obtain 3 kidding in
2 years period by adopting optimal
management conditions. |
| |
|
|
|
2. |
|
For every 25 does one buck should be
provided in one breeding season. |
| |
|
|
|
3.
|
|
Breed the animals 12 hours after the onset
of the first symptoms of heat for maximum
conception. |
| |
|
|
|
4. |
|
Unreadable animals must be examined
thoroughly as directed by veterinary doctor
for prompt elimination of causes for
anoestrus or cull them if necessary. |
| |
|
|
VI.
|
|
Care of Goats during pregnancy:
|
| |
|
In advanced stage of pregnancy the does must
be transferred to either kidding pens
or separately earmarked space for kidding
with in the main shed after thoroughly
disinfecting it. After kidding, the does
should be provided with warm bran mash for
two days. |
| |
|
|
VII.
|
|
Care
of kids:
|
|
1. |
|
Take care of new born kids by providing
guard rails. |
| |
|
|
|
2. |
|
Treat / disinfect the naval cord with
tincture of iodine as soon as it is cut with
a sharp knife. |
| |
|
|
|
3.
|
|
Protect the kids from extreme weather
conditions, particularly during the first
two months. |
| |
|
|
|
4. |
|
Dehorn the kids during first two weeks of
age. |
| |
|
|
|
5. |
|
Male kids should be castrated for better
quality meat production. |
| |
|
|
|
6. |
|
Vaccinate the kids as per the recommended
schedule.
|
| |
|
|
|
7. |
|
Wean the kids at the age of 8 weeks. |
| |
|
|
|
8. |
|
Proper selection of kids on the basis of
initial body weight and weaning weight
should be initiated by maintaining
appropriate records for replacing the culled
adult stock as breeders. |
| |
|
|
|
9. |
|
Additional feed requirements of lactating
does must be ensured for proper nursing of
all the piglets born. |
| |
|
|
VIII.
|
|
Marketing:
|
| |
|
The marketable products of goat farming
includes the fattened kids, manure,
culled animals. Marketing avenues for the
above products are slaughter houses and
individual meat consuming customers and
agriculture farms. Therefore availability of
either slaughtering facilities or traders
who will purchase live
animals should be ensured to convert the
fatteners into wholesome meat and meat
products. Further, demand for manure from
nearby agriculture farms must also be
ensured. |
| |
|
|
| |
|
Annexure I |
| |
|
STATE WISE GOAT POPULATION IN INDIA
(1997) in Thousands. |
| |
|
|
|
S.No |
|
States/Union Territories |
Total
Population (in Thousands) |
| |
|
|
|
|
01 |
|
Andhra Pradesh |
5213 |
|
02 |
|
Arunachal Pradesh |
154 |
|
03 |
|
Assam |
2717 |
|
04 |
|
Bihar |
420229 |
|
05
|
|
Chattisgarh |
2154
|
|
06
|
|
Goa |
13 |
|
07 |
|
Gujarat |
4386 |
|
08 |
|
Haryana |
968 |
|
09 |
|
Himachal Pradesh |
1168 |
|
10 |
|
Jammu & Kashmir |
1864 |
|
11 |
|
Karnataka |
4875 |
|
12 |
|
Kerala |
1598 |
|
13 |
|
Madhya Pradesh |
6470 |
|
14 |
|
Maharashtra |
11434 |
|
15
|
|
Manipur |
33 |
|
16 |
|
Meghalaya |
280 |
|
17 |
|
Mizoram |
15 |
|
18
|
|
Nagaland |
161 |
|
19 |
|
Orissa |
5772 |
|
20 |
|
Punjab |
414 |
|
21
|
|
Rajasthan |
16971 |
|
22 |
|
Sikkim |
86 |
|
23
|
|
Tamil Nadu |
6416 |
|
24
|
|
Tripura |
639 |
|
25 |
|
Uttar Pradesh |
11784 |
|
26 |
|
Uttaranchal |
1070
|
|
27 |
|
West Bengal |
15648 |
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
Union Territories |
|
|
28
|
|
Andaman & Nicobar Islands |
71 |
|
29 |
|
Chandigarh |
1 |
|
30
|
|
Dadra & N Haveli |
20 |
|
31 |
|
Daman & Diu |
5 |
|
32 |
|
Delhi |
25 |
|
33 |
|
Lakshadweep |
26 |
|
34 |
|
Pondicherry |
41 |
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
All INDIA |
122721 |
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
Format for submission of Scheme : Commercial
Goat Farming
|
|
1.
|
|
GENERAL |
| |
|
|
| |
i) |
Name of the sponsoring bank |
| |
ii)
|
Address of the controlling scheme |
| |
iii) |
Nature and objectives of the proposed scheme |
| |
iv) |
Details of proposed investments: |
| |
S.No. |
Investment No. of units
|
| |
|
a)________________ |
| |
|
b)________________ |
| |
|
c)________________ |
| |
v) |
Specification of the scheme area (Name of
District & Block/s) Sr. No. District Block |
| |
vi) |
Names of the financing bank's branches. |
| |
S.No. |
Name of the branch District. |
| |
|
a)________________ |
| |
|
b)________________ |
| |
|
c)________________ |
| |
vii) |
Status of beneficiary/i.e.:
Partnership/Company/Corporation/Co-operative
Society/Others. |
| |
viii) |
In case of area based schemes, coverage of
borrowers in weaker sections. |
| |
|
(landless laborers, small, medium & large
farmers as per NABARD's norms, SC/ST,
etc.) |
| |
ix) |
Details of borrowers profile (Not applicable
to area based schemes) |
| |
|
(a) Capability |
| |
|
(b) Experience |
| |
|
(c) Financial soundness |
| |
|
(d) Technical/Other special Qualifications |
| |
|
(e) Technical/Managerial Staff and adequacy
thereof |
| |
|
|
|
2. |
|
TECHNICAL ASPECTS |
| |
|
|
| |
a)
|
Animals |
| |
|
Proposed Breed |
| |
|
Age of the animal |
| |
|
Arrangements for vaccination, identification
and health certificate |
| |
|
Insurance |
| |
|
Cost of buck/does |
| |
|
|
| |
b) |
Production parameters |
| |
|
Age at first Kidding |
| |
|
Kidding interval |
| |
|
Kidding percentage |
| |
|
Number of kids produced |
| |
|
Mortality of adults/ young ones |
| |
|
Age at which kids are sold |
| |
|
Body weight of animals |
| |
|
|
| |
c)
|
Flock projection-For big units only
(with all assumptions)
|
| |
|
|
| |
d) |
Housing
|
| |
|
Type of housing |
| |
|
Floor space - adults/ kids |
| |
|
Cost of construction |
| |
|
Other civil structures (for commercial
units) |
| |
|
|
| |
e)
|
Equipment needed
|
| |
|
Water troughs |
| |
|
Feeding troughs |
| |
|
Other equipments like chaff cutter etc. |
| |
|
|
| |
f) |
Comments on technical feasibility. |
| |
|
|
| |
g) |
Government restrictions, if any
|
| |
|
|
|
3. |
|
FINANCIAL ASPECTS |
| |
|
|
|
i)
|
|
Unit cost |
| |
|
Sr. No. Name of investment Size of Unit cost
with component wise breakup (In Rupees.)
Whether approved by state level unit cost
committee. |
| |
|
a)________________ |
| |
|
b)________________ |
| |
|
c)________________ |
| |
|
Total
|
| |
|
|
|
ii) |
|
Down payment/margin/ subsidy (Indicate
source & extent of subsidy) |
| |
|
|
|
iii)
|
|
Year - wise physical & financial program. |
| |
|
|
| |
|
Year |
Investment |
No. of Units |
Unit Cost (in Rupees) |
Refinance Assistance |
Outlay |
Margin |
|
Total |
Outlay (Rs.) |
Margin (Rs.) |
Bank Loan |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
